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1. According to the 2020 American Diabetes Association (ADA) Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes, the addition of glucose-lowering therapies for which of the following purposes is recommended independent of A1C and the need for improved glucose control?

A. Weight loss B. Cardiovascular risk reduction C. ß-cell sparing effects D. Reduction of drug-related side effects E. Unsure

2. For patients in whom heart failure (HF) or chronic kidney disease (CKD) predominates, the addition of a medication with evidence of reducing HF and/or CKD progression from which medication class is recommended?

A. GLP-1 receptor agonist B. DPP-4 inhibitor C. SGLT-2 inhibitor D. Thiazolidinedione E. Unsure

3. The 2020 American Diabetes Association (ADA) Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes states that early combination therapy can be considered in some patients at treatment initiation for which of the following purposes?

A. To minimize drug-related side effects B. To minimize the risk of hypoglycemia C. To minimize drug costs D. To extend the time to treatment failure E. Unsure

4. The 2020 American Diabetes Association (ADA) Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes recommends the addition of a SGLT-2 inhibitor as add-on to metformin for all the following reasons, EXCEPT:

A. To decrease cardiovascular and renal risk B. To minimize drug costs C. To minimize hypoglycemia risk D. To minimize weight gain/promote weight loss E. Unsure

5. SGLT-2 inhibitors are well suited for use in combination with other glucose-lowering agents given their unique mechanism of action. Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of SGLT-2 inhibitors?

A. Reduce the reabsorption of filtered glucose in the kidney B. Slow the enzymatic degradation of endogenous GLP-1 C. Suppress hepatic glucose production D. Improve insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle E. Unsure

6. DPP-4 inhibitors are recommended by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) for use in combination with a variety of other glucose-lowering agents. Which of the following medication classes is not recommended to be used in combination with DPP-4 inhibitors due to an overlap in their mechanisms of action?

A. SGLT-2 inhibitors B. Thiazolidinediones C. GLP-1 receptor agonists D. Insulin E. Unsure

7. Which of the following statements best describes findings from studies examining combination treatment with SGLT-2 inhibitors and DPP-4 inhibitors?

A. The glucose-lowering effect is generally greater when adding a DPP-4 inhibitor to a SGLT-2 inhibitor B. The glucose-lowering effect is generally greater when adding an SGLT-2 inhibitor to a DPP-4 inhibitor C. The glucose-lowering effect of the combination is no greater than treatment with a SGLT-2 inhibitor alone D. The glucose-lowering effect of the combination is no greater than treatment with a DPP-4 inhibitor alone E. Unsure

8. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding side effects and tolerability findings from studies of combination therapy with a SGLT-2 inhibitor plus a DPP-4 inhibitor?

A. Rates of genital infections were increased B. The risk of DKA is likely increased C. Rates of genital infections were decreased D. The risk of hypoglycemia is increased E. Unsure

9. Which of the following is/are factors that can influence medication adherence?

A. Health literacy B. Age C. Complexity of the medication regimen D. All of the above E. Unsure

10. Which of the following is TRUE of fixed-dose combination (FDC) products?

A. FDC products can reduce medication regimen complexity B. FDC products increase pill burden C. FDC products generally decrease measures of adherence D. FDC product utilization is high in clinical practice E. Unsure

Maintenance is scheduled for 05/16/2024 5:00 PM EST - 05/17/2024 5:00 AM EST.

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1. According to the 2020 American Diabetes Association (ADA) Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes, the addition of glucose-lowering therapies for which of the following purposes is recommended independent of A1C and the need for improved glucose control?

2. For patients in whom heart failure (HF) or chronic kidney disease (CKD) predominates, the addition of a medication with evidence of reducing HF and/or CKD progression from which medication class is recommended?

3. The 2020 American Diabetes Association (ADA) Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes states that early combination therapy can be considered in some patients at treatment initiation for which of the following purposes?

4. The 2020 American Diabetes Association (ADA) Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes recommends the addition of a SGLT-2 inhibitor as add-on to metformin for all the following reasons, EXCEPT:

5. SGLT-2 inhibitors are well suited for use in combination with other glucose-lowering agents given their unique mechanism of action. Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of SGLT-2 inhibitors?

7. Which of the following statements best describes findings from studies examining combination treatment with SGLT-2 inhibitors and DPP-4 inhibitors?

8. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding side effects and tolerability findings from studies of combination therapy with a SGLT-2 inhibitor plus a DPP-4 inhibitor?

9. Which of the following is/are factors that can influence medication adherence?

10. Which of the following is TRUE of fixed-dose combination (FDC) products?

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Maintenance is scheduled for 05/16/2024 5:00 PM EST - 05/17/2024 5:00 AM EST.

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1. According to the 2020 American Diabetes Association (ADA) Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes, the addition of glucose-lowering therapies for which of the following purposes is recommended independent of A1C and the need for improved glucose control?

2. For patients in whom heart failure (HF) or chronic kidney disease (CKD) predominates, the addition of a medication with evidence of reducing HF and/or CKD progression from which medication class is recommended?

3. The 2020 American Diabetes Association (ADA) Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes states that early combination therapy can be considered in some patients at treatment initiation for which of the following purposes?

4. The 2020 American Diabetes Association (ADA) Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes recommends the addition of a SGLT-2 inhibitor as add-on to metformin for all the following reasons, EXCEPT:

5. SGLT-2 inhibitors are well suited for use in combination with other glucose-lowering agents given their unique mechanism of action. Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of SGLT-2 inhibitors?

7. Which of the following statements best describes findings from studies examining combination treatment with SGLT-2 inhibitors and DPP-4 inhibitors?

8. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding side effects and tolerability findings from studies of combination therapy with a SGLT-2 inhibitor plus a DPP-4 inhibitor?

9. Which of the following is/are factors that can influence medication adherence?

10. Which of the following is TRUE of fixed-dose combination (FDC) products?

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