A. They provide T-cell costimulatory signals B. They block T-cell inhibitory signals C. They activate natural killer cells and dendritic cells D. All of the above E. I am not sure

A. Nivolumab and ipilimumab B. Pembrolizumab and nivolumab C. Alemtuzumab and durvalumab D. Durvalumab and atezolizumab E. Ipilimumab and tremelimumab F. I am not sure

A. Platinum (carboplatin or cisplatin) + etoposide chemotherapy B. Nivolumab or pembrolizumab monotherapy or nivolumab + ipilimumab combination C. Platinum (carboplatin or cisplatin) + etoposide + durvalumab or carboplatin + etoposide + atezolizumab D. Platinum (carboplatin or cisplatin) + etoposide + nivolumab or carboplatin + etoposide + pembrolizumab E. I am not sure

A. The addition of anti–PD-L1 (durvalumab or atezolizumab) to first-line chemotherapy improved OS without a significant increase in toxicity B. The addition of anti–PD-L1 (durvalumab or atezolizumab) to first-line chemotherapy improved overall OS, but it also resulted in a significant increase in toxicity C. The addition of anti–PD-L1 (durvalumab or atezolizumab) to first-line chemotherapy improved PFS but not OS; there was no significant increase in toxicity D. The addition of anti–PD-L1 (durvalumab or atezolizumab) to first-line chemotherapy improved PFS but not OS; it also resulted in a significant increase in toxicity E. I am not sure

A. Underestimating the treatment costs necessary to achieve maximum benefit B. Underestimating the effect of acute but reversible toxicities C. Underestimating the value of long-term survival and other long-term outcomes D. All of the above E. I am not sure